Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, plays an essential role in the formation of red blood cells, cell metabolism, nerve functions, and the production of DNA and molecules inside cells that carry genetic information, according to the Mayo Clinic website.
Food sources of vitamin B12 include poultry, meat, fish, and dairy products. Vitamin B12 is also added to some foods, as is the case with fortified breakfast cereals, and is also available as an oral supplement. Vitamin B12 can be prescribed in the form of injections or nasal sprays to treat vitamin B12 deficiency.
There are clear symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency as follows:
1. Numbness of the hands or feet
If a person has a vitamin B12 deficiency, they may develop peripheral neuropathy, which causes tingling, numbness, and sensory disturbances in the hands and/or feet.
2. Difficulty walking
If a person has a feeling of numbness in the hands and feet, this may make movement difficult. Thus, over some time, peripheral nerve damage can lead to restricted movement and difficulty walking.
3. Shortness of breath
Due to anemia, oxygen delivery to the body’s tissues decreases, leading to shortness of breath and even dizziness.
4. Tired
Feeling unusually tired or weak can be one of the first symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency.
5. Pale skin
Because the body is unable to produce enough red blood cells, symptoms appear in the form of paleness and yellowing of the skin, which is also called jaundice.
6. Mouth pain
When there is a shortage of red blood cells, the tongue receives less oxygen, causing various health issues. These may include tongue inflammation, resulting in a swollen and red tongue, along with an unpleasant taste or a burning sensation in the mouth.
7. Mental health problems
Certain studies suggest a correlation between vitamin B12 deficiency and depression. Furthermore, inadequate levels of vitamin B12 can impact cognitive abilities, resulting in memory issues, diminished concentration, and fluctuations in mood.
8. Rapid heartbeat
A low number of red blood cells in the body can cause the heart to start beating faster because the body is trying to make sure enough oxygen reaches all organs.
9. Vision problems
Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to damage to the optic nerve, which can cause vision disturbances. Immediate examination should be done because in severe cases, it can lead to vision loss.
